Honey~An Ancient Treasure (part 1)

The Honey Age

Honey (meli, μέλι), an essential ingredient in most Greek and Karpathian confections, is the oldest sweet known to exist. It has been written about in Greek mythology, it has played a part in spiritual offerings, and it made history after being discovered in the most unexpected places. 

Here are some fun facts to give you a taste of the important role honey has played in civilization:

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· Greek mythology plays it up as Ambrosia, the food of the Gods of Olympus, and Eros (Cupid) dipped his arrows into honey before shooting them. I guess that’s where the term “sweetheart” originated. Over 3,000 years ago, the faithful offered it as a gift to the gods in the form of honey cakes. 

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· In Karpathos, cheese pastries have been infused with honey for thousands of years. In the fifth century BC, Euripides described them as being "steeped most thoroughly in the rich honey of the golden bee." 

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· Prehistoric Greece (Crete and Mycenae) is where the art of beekeeping (apiculture) began. 

· Honey is the only food that will never spoil—a fact demonstrated when Egyptian tombs dating back about 4,000 years were found to contain fresh edible honey in sealed containers. 

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· From the inception of the written word, this nectar has garnered praise.

· A 15,000-year-old cave painting discovered in Spain in the early 1900’s depicts man’s honey-hunting fascination as he gathered it from hives high up on a cliff wall.

· The earliest known fossil evidence of the honey bee (melisa, μέλισσα) dates back about 35 million years. 

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This is a species that knows how to do one thing really well and proves that (in this case at least) going into the family business is sweet! 

Bee Well

Throughout history, honey has been valued for more than just sweetening. For thousands of years it has been used as a therapeutic remedy for health issues. Greeks discovered honey’s medicinal value as containing antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal elements.

The ancient healers also recognized honey for its antioxidant properties in fighting disease, including cancer. It has been used for thousands of years as a treatment for sore throats and coughs (it’s a natural expectorant), and according to recent research, may in fact be more effective than some OTC medicines. Combine honey with lemon juice and heat until warm, then consume slowly to coat the throat and ease discomfort. Honey can also be used as an effective antimicrobial agent to treat minor burns, cuts, and other bacterial infections. 

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"Honey and pollen cause warmth, clean sores and ulcers, 
soften hard ulcers of the lips, heal carbuncles and running sores."
~Hippocrates
(Greek physician who lived to the ripe youthful age of 115, c. 460-375 BC)

Aristotle, a Greek philosopher and student of Socrates, believed that honey prolonged life. 

Built in the 4th century BC, the ancient healing spa Asklepieion (Ἀσκληπιεῖον), named after the god of healing and medicine, Aesculapius, boasted a honey therapy that was renowned throughout all of the Mediterranean. 

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"The secret of my health is applying honey inside, and oil outside."
~Democritus
(Greek philosopher who lived to the age of 109, c. 460-370 BC)

Bee My Honey

The color of honey comes from the nectar’s source, and the darker the color, the more intense the flavor. Today the varieties of honey available are seemingly endless. Hundreds crowd the international marketplace, the most common being clover, orange blossom, and sage. Regional honey producers offer limited quantities from blossoms like thyme, lavender, linden, and raspberry. 

You can find honey in three basic forms: comb honey (with the liquid still in the comb), chunk-style honey (honey with pieces of comb in the jar), and liquid honey (extracted from the comb and often pasteurized to prevent crystallization). Pasteurizing changes the delicate flavor of the honey but isn’t needed to preserve it…keep in mind that crystallization is not a bad thing (for info on re-liquefying honey, check next week's part 2 of our honey blog). Commercial honeys can be overly processed and may contain sugar, completely altering the taste of something that needs no alteration. 

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The best honey in Greece comes from thyme (thymari, θυμάρι, pronounced thee-MAH-ree) and is considered to be the finest honey in the world. 

In Karpathos, it comes from family-owned bee farms and is extracted from their own honeycombs. Greek honey is especially high in vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, and minerals.       

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I hope you enjoyed getting to know one of our favorite things, honey. Don't miss next week's Honey~An Ancient Treasure (part 2) where we'll share our own sweet experiences in Karpathos and tell you about our favorite honeys available outside of our island (shopping info & recipes included!).

For more Karpathian/Greek recipes, check out our new cookbooks Kukla’s Kouzina: A Gourmet Journey~Greek Island Style, Meze (Appetizers & Petite Plates) and Spreads & Dips, available on Amazon. These are the first two books in a series that we have developed and we’re excited to see this dream become reality! For details about the books and us, go to our BOOKS page.

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Until then~
Kali orexi!  Good appetite!

Kelly

ALERT: Special attention should be given to the fact that bee colonies are collapsing and certain bee species, like the patched bumblebee, are in danger of extinction. The recent rise in bee deaths has been linked to increased use of pesticides and insecticides in the United States. If the bees die, we eventually die. To learn more about this crisis and what you can do, visit NRDC. ​Together, we can save the bees!

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